Practical: Determine the % of Oxygen in Air (Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry)

Practical: Determine the Percentage of Oxygen in Air

Spec point — practical: determine the approximate percentage by volume of oxygen in air using a metal or a non-metal

Aim

To determine the percentage of oxygen in air using the oxidation of iron

Diagram

Apparatus to measure the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere

Apparatus to determine the percentage of oxygen in the air

Method

1. Firstly, you will need to measure the volume between the final mark on the scale and the tap (stopcock)
2. Fill the burette with water up to lowest mark, 50.0 mL, and then let it drain into a small measuring cylinder
3. Measure the volume of water
4. Add a little water to moisten the inside of the burette
5. Make sure the tap is closed and sprinkle some iron filings or push a piece of iron wool into the bottom of the burette
6. Invert the burette into a trough of water and clamp the burette vertically
7. Note and record the position of the water level
8. After 3-4 days note the new position of the water level

Results

• Volume occupied between 50 mL & the tap = 3.8 mL
• Initial water level = 2.6 mL
• Final water level = 12.7 mL

Calculation

• Calculate the initial volume of air:

initial volume = (50.0 + 3.8) - 2.6 = 51.2 mL

• Calculate the final volume of air:

final volume of air = 53.8 - 12.7 = 41.1 mL

• Calculate the volume of oxygen

volume of oxygen = 51.2 - 41.1 = 10.1 mL

• Calculate the percentage of oxygen:

percentage of oxygen = $\frac{\mathrm{volume} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{oxygen}}{\mathrm{initial} \mathrm{volume} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{air}}$ x 100

percentage of oxygen = $\frac{10.1}{51.2}$ x 100

percentage of oxygen = 19.7%

Conclusion

• The oxygen takes up approximately 20% of the air