Emerging Technologies (Cambridge International IGCSE ICT)
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
What is artificial intelligence?
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is a machine that can simulate intelligent behaviours similar to that of a human
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AI is a system that can:
- Learn - acquire new information
- Decide- analyse and make choices
- Act autonomously - take actions without human input
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There are two main types of AI:
- Weak AI, also known as narrow AI, is designed to perform a specific task or set of tasks
- Strong AI, also known as artificial general intelligence (AGI), is designed to perform any intellectual task that a human can do
Advantages and disadvantages of AI
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Increased efficiency | Job losses |
| Increased accuracy | Potential for biased decision making |
| Scalability | Ethical concerns over its use |
Extended Reality
Extended Reality (XR)
What is extended reality?
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Extended reality is an emerging technology that involves blending the virtual and real worlds together to create immersion for a user
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Popular examples of extended reality are:
- Virtual (VR)
- Augmented (AR)
Virtual reality
- Virtual reality is a technology that tries to shut out the 'real world' and immerse them in fully simulated environment
- Virtual reality blocks out the 'real-world' by having users wear headsets with built in screens that provide a 360 degree view
- Users are often able to interact with the virtual world through motion tracking
Augmented reality
- Augmented reality overlays digital information or graphics into the 'real-world'
- Users are not fully immersed and can still interact and see what is in front of them
- Users view augmented reality via a smartphone or headset
Impacts of XR
| XR |
|---|
| - Used in gaming, education, and training for a more engaging experience - Can be applied in fields like architecture, medicine, and retail for improved visualisation and interaction - Potential issues with addiction and excessive screen time |
Worked Example Some smartphones connected to the internet can allow the user to point their phone’s camera at an object or image to display information about it on the phone’s screen. The object acts like an item in a search engine. This is called augmented reality.
One example of its use is in mobile games, where the user tries to catch characters from the game as the characters appear to walk in the streets. Explain, using examples, other ways in which augmented reality could be used in everyday life.
[4]
Answer
Max three of:
Final answer: Gather information [1] Can be used as a direction finder [1] Visualise what something will look like in real life [1] Could be used for facial recognition [1]
Max three of:
Final answer: Examples of gathering information about a building/painting / product [1] Giving information about the area you are moving in / finding your way in an airport/railway station / shopping mall etc. [1] Used by archaeologists / architects / interior designers / try on clothes / trying makeup/colour of clothing / placing furniture [1]
Final answer: point it at a word to link to the thesaurus / get it's meaning / translation / modern landscape [1] Used by the police to recognise suspects [1]
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