18 questions · 128 marks · ≈ 2 hours
Fig. 9.1 shows a partially-labelled diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) On Fig. 9.1, add the names of the missing radiations at A and at B.
(2 marks)
(ii) Indicate the radiation that has the lowest frequency. On Fig. 9.1, draw a ring around the radiation.
(1 mark)
State two safety precautions when handling sources that emit gamma radiation.
Fig. 7.1 shows some devices that each use one type of electromagnetic radiation.
Draw one line from each device to the correct type of electromagnetic radiation. One has been done for you.
(i) State the name of one type of radiation that has a longer wavelength than visible light.
(1 mark)
(ii) Complete the sentence about electromagnetic radiation. Use a word from the list below.
| amplitude | frequency | speed | wavelength |
|---|
All types of electromagnetic radiation travel through a vacuum with the same __________
(1 mark)
Fig. 8.1 shows an incomplete diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Complete Fig. 8.1 with the names of the missing types of radiation in the correct boxes.
State one use for ultraviolet radiation.
Complete the sentence below.
Gamma rays have the same ___________ as visible light, but different __________ and ____________.
Match the type of electromagnetic radiation with the object most similar in size to its wavelength.
State the name of the process by which electromagnetic radiation can remove electrons from atoms.
(1 mark)
(ii) Radiographers operate X-ray equipment as part of their profession.
Lead absorbs a lot of radiation. Explain why radiographers stand behind lead screens when performing X-ray scans all day.
(2 marks)
Extended tier only
A student sees that an oscilloscope shows a signal, shown in Fig. 1.1.
(i) State the type of signal the oscilloscope shows.
(1 mark)
(ii) Explain how the student can tell what type of signal is shown.
(1 mark)
Complete the sentences using the numbers from the box. Use one number for each blank space.
A geostationary satellite has an orbital period of _______ hours.
A Polar satellite has an orbital height of ______ km above sea level, whereas this is ________ km for geostationary satellites.
| 72 36 000 200 12 24 |
|---|
(i) State two uses of a polar satellite.
(2 marks)
(ii) State one use of a geostationary satellite.
(1 mark)
Extract:
A Polar satellite has an orbital height of 200 km above sea level; whereas this is 36 000 km for geostationary satellites.
A satellite phone allows users to communicate across the globe by sending signals to a satellite, which then sends the signal to the user receiving the signal.
Using your answer from part (a), explain why there is a time delay in calls when using a geostationary satellites compared to calls which use polar satellites.
Extended tier only
Rhys lives in a valley and is surrounded by hills on all sides. He likes to follow the local news with his radio and his television.
(i) Rhys receives radio station signals and TV signals. State which signal has the longer wavelength.
(1 mark)
(ii) Explain why the TV has poor signal even though the radio is clear.
(2 marks)
Visible light is a region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
State one region of the electromagnetic spectrum which has waves of longer wavelength than waves of visible light.
Gamma rays are another region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) Describe one use of gamma rays.
(1 mark)
(ii) Describe one harmful effect on people of excessive exposure to gamma rays.
(1 mark)
Fig. 7.1 shows the electromagnetic spectrum. One type of radiation is not labelled.
(i) On Fig. 7.1, add the label for the missing type of radiation.
(1 mark)
(ii) The arrow in Fig. 7.1 indicates a property that is increasing.
State the name of the property that is increasing in the direction of the arrow.
(1 mark)
(iii) Compare the speeds of radio waves and visible light in a vacuum.
(1 mark)
(i) Describe how X-rays are used for security in airports.
(2 marks)
(ii) Explain the properties of X-rays that make them useful in airport security.
(2 marks)
Fig. 7.1 shows an incomplete diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) In Fig. 7.1, section A and section B of the electromagnetic spectrum are not labelled.
State the names of parts A and B.
(2 marks)
(ii) An electromagnetic wave has a wavelength of 1.0 × 10–9 m. Use Fig. 7.1 to identify the type of electromagnetic wave.
(1 mark)
All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum.
State one other property that is the same for all electromagnetic waves
For each purpose, state one type of electromagnetic radiation that can be used.
(i) Remote controllers for televisions
(1 mark)
(ii) Killing bacterial cells
(1 mark)
Fig. 7.1 shows some parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) In Fig. 7.1, one part of the electromagnetic spectrum is not labelled.
State the name of this part.
(1 mark)
(ii) The speed of visible light waves in a vacuum is 3.0 × 108 m / s.
Suggest a value for the speed of infra-red waves in a vacuum.
speed = .................................................. m / s
(1 mark)
(iii) Some parts of the electromagnetic spectrum have a wavelength shorter than that of visible light. State one example.
(1 mark)
(i) X-rays and γ-rays are used in hospitals.
Describe one medical use for X-rays and one use for γ-rays.
(1 mark)
(ii) Explain why γ-rays are dangerous to living things.
(1 mark)
Fig. 7.1 shows a diagram of the main regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Two labels are missing.
(i) Complete the labels on Fig. 7.1.
(2 marks)
(ii) State two properties that are the same for all waves in the electromagnetic spectrum.
(2 marks)
State which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in each situation.
(i) Detecting objects without opening baggage at a security check
(1 mark)
(ii) Television remote control
(1 mark)
(iii) Satellite television transmissions
(1 mark)
Extended tier only
Optical fibres are used for high speed broadband.
Short wavelength visible light and infrared radiation are used to achieve this fast broadband. Explain why.
An optical fibre is inserted into a patient's body to examine the liver during a keyhole surgery.
Explain why visible light is more useful and safer than X-rays during this surgery.
Fig. 1.1 shows the optical fibre used. The arrow shows the initial direction of the ray of visible light.
Fig. 1.1
Draw the path of visible light along the fibre from one end to the other.
A technician uses an optical fibre in a factory to view a pipe blockage. The blockage is round a bend, shown in Fig. 1.2.
The glass from which the optical fibre is made has a refractive index of 1.3.
(i) Calculate the critical angle of the glass.
(3 marks)
(ii) The light does not reach the blockage. Suggest why.
(3 marks)
Fig. 9.1 shows some parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
| radio waves | infrared waves | visible light | ultraviolet waves | X-rays | -rays |
|---|
Fig. 9.1
(i) In Fig. 9.1, one part of the electromagnetic spectrum is not labelled.
State the name of this part.
(1 mark)
(ii) The speed of visible light waves in a vacuum is 3.0 108 m/s.
State the value for the speed of infrared waves in a vacuum.
speed = .................................................. m/s [1]
(iii) Some parts of the electromagnetic spectrum have a wavelength shorter than that of visible light.
State one example.
(1 mark)
(i) X-rays and γ-rays are used in hospitals.
Describe one medical use for X-rays and one medical use for γ-rays.
(2 marks)
(ii) State two reasons why γ-rays are dangerous to living things.
(2 marks)
(i) State the name of one type of electromagnetic wave with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light.
(1 mark)
(ii) State one use of the type of wave you have given in (i).
(1 mark)
Fig.9.1 represents the seven main regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) In Fig.9.1, one region is not named.
State the name of the radiation in this region.
(1 mark)
(ii) State which region has waves with the longest wavelength.
(1 mark)
Tick the box for the wave with the lowest speed in air.
square ultraviolet
square ultrasound
square visible light
A group of students want to determine the speed of sound in air.
Describe a method they can use. State the measurements they need to make.
Circle two of the following that apply to an ultrasound wave travelling in air.
Calculate the wavelength of X-rays with frequency 1.3 × 1017 Hz in a vacuum.
wavelength = ...........................................................
A dentist takes an X-ray photograph of a patient’s teeth. Explain why it is safe for the patient to be close to the source of X-rays, but the dentist must stand away from the source.
State, with a reason, why microwave ovens are designed only to work with the door closed.
Extended tier only
Gamma rays are the highest energy waves in the electromagnetic spectrum.
State the maximum speed of gamma rays in a vacuum.
Extract:
Gamma rays are the highest energy waves in the electromagnetic spectrum.
State the maximum speed of gamma rays in a vacuum.
Calculate the frequency of a gamma ray with a wavelength of 6.5 × 10−13 m.
frequency = ....................................
Compare and contrast gamma rays and radio waves. You should consider both their properties and their applications.
Gamma rays are dangerous to work with because they transfer large amounts of energy.
People who work with gamma radiation need to take precautions to keep themselves safe.
Suggest two ways that workers can keep themselves safe when working with gamma rays.
Fig. 1.1 shows a radio wave. Each 1 cm square is equal to 2 m.
(i) State the wavelength of the radio wave in Fig 1.1.
(1 mark)
(ii) Sketch on Fig. 1.1 a wave that has a greater amplitude and lower frequency.
(2 marks)
Extended tier only
A radio wave with a frequency of 20 GHz travels through the vacuum of space.
Calculate the wavelength of this radio wave.
wavelength = ....................................
Extended tier only
State why sound waves and radio waves have different frequencies at the same wavelength.
Table 1.1 shows a list of the electromagnetic spectrum.
| gamma | radio |
|---|
Table 1.1
(i) Complete Table 1.1 by filling in the missing EM waves.
(3 marks)
(ii) Suggest what the arrow is indicating.
(1 mark)
Fig. 1.1 shows an X-ray of a broken bone.
Fig. 1.1
Describe the interaction between the x-rays and
(i) soft tissue.
(1 mark)
(ii) bone.
(1 mark)