52 questions · 60 marks · ≈ 60 min · spans 52 of 141 topics
Assembled from the topic question banks — not an official Cambridge International paperThe trajectories of subatomic particles shot through an electric field produced in a vacuum are shown in the diagram.
Which statement is not correct?
Choose your answer
The proton and electron are deflected because they are charged particles.
The neutrons are undeflected as they have no charge.
The electron is deflected more than the proton because it has less mass.
The particles travel at different speeds
Which property is different for isotopes of the same element?
Choose your answer
chemical properties
electronic configuration
nucleon number
proton number
An atom of element Z has six unpaired electrons.
Which element could be Z?
Choose your answer
carbon
chromium
iron
sulfur
Which statement does not explain the increase in first ionisation energy across a period?
Choose your answer
Nuclear charge increases.
Atomic radius decreases.
Shielding remains constant.
The number of electrons increases.
What is the relative formula mass of ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4?
Choose your answer
114.0
114.1
132.0
132.1
A gas cylinder for a portable heater contains 13 kg of butane.
How many butane molecules are in the gas cylinder?
The Avogadro’s constant,* L* = 6.022 x 1023 mol-1
Choose your answer
1.35 x 1026
1.35 x 1023
1.40 x 1026
3.72 x 10-22
A sample of compound M contains 1.46 g of carbon, 0.482 g of hydrogen and 1.69 g of nitrogen.
What is the empirical formula of M?
Choose your answer
CH2N
CH4N
C2H4N
C4HN4
Excess acidified aqueous potassium dichromate(VI) was mixed with 2.76 g of ethanol. The reaction mixture was then boiled under reflux for one hour. The organic product was collected by distillation.
The yield of the product was 75.0%
What is the mass of the product collected?
Choose your answer
1.98 g
2.07 g
2.70 g
4.80 g
Which statement about electronegativity and ionic bonding is correct?
Choose your answer
An ionic bond forms when both atoms have high electronegativity values.
An ionic bond forms when there is a large difference in electronegativity between two atoms.
An ionic bond forms when two atoms have identical electronegativity values.
The more electronegative atom in an ionic bond loses electrons.
What is the formula of gallium phosphide?
Choose your answer
GaP
GaP2
Ga2P
Ga3P2
Which compound has the most polarised anion?
Choose your answer
KF
KI
LiF
LiI
How many σ and π bonds are present in ethanenitrile?
Choose your answer
4σ, 1π
5σ, 1π
5σ, 2π
6σ, 2π
Which species has a bond angle of 104.5°?
Choose your answer
CH4
CO2
NH2-
NH4+
Which solid contains more than one type of bonding?
Choose your answer
diamond
ice
iron
sodium chloride
Which statement about 2-chloropropene, CH2=C(Cl)CH3, is not correct?
Choose your answer
Every atom in the molecule obeys the octet rule
There are 24 valence electrons in the molecule
The molecule contains exactly one π bond
The chlorine atom has three lone pairs of electrons
Sodium reacts with water in the equation below.
2Na (s) + 2H2O (l) → 2NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)
Which mass of sodium reacts with water to produce 960 cm3 of hydrogen gas at r.t.p.?
Choose your answer
0.46 g
0.92 g
1.84 g
3.68 g
Which row gives the properties of hydrogen fluoride?
| contains localised covalent bonds | highly soluble in polar solvents | lowest bond energy of the hydrogen halides | highest boiling point of the hydrogen halides | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ |
| B | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ |
| C | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| D | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ |
Choose your answer
The reaction pathway for a reversible reaction is shown below:
Which statement is correct?
Choose your answer
The activation energy of the reverse reaction is +90 kJ mol–1
The activation energy of the forward reaction is +20 kJ mol–1
The activation energy of the reverse reaction is +20 kJ mol–1
The enthalpy change of the forward reaction is −70 kJ mol–1
Given the following standard enthalpy changes,
I2 (s) → I2 (g) ∆HƟ = +38 kJ mol–1
I2 (g) + 3Cl2 (g) → 2ICl3 (s) ∆HƟ = –214 kJ mol–1
What is the standard enthalpy change of formation, ΔHfθ, of ICl3 (s)?
Choose your answer
–214 kJ mol– 1
–176 kJ mol– 1
–107 kJ mol– 1
−88 kJ mol– 1
When solid sodium iodide and concentrated sulfuric acid react, one of the reactions that takes place is shown below.
8NaI (s) + 9H2SO4 (l) → 8NaHSO4 (s) + 4I2 (g) + H2S (g) + 4H2O (l)
Which species is oxidised in this reaction?
Choose your answer
I-
SO42-
Na+
H+
Sulfuric acid is manufactured via a series of reactions in the Contact process. The equation for the main stage of this process is shown.
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g) ∆H = −197 kJ mol−1
Which statement about this reaction is correct?
Choose your answer
Iron is used as a catalyst.
Increased temperature gives a higher equilibrium amount of SO2.
Increased temperature gives a higher yield of SO3.
Increased pressure gives a higher equilibrium amount of SO2.
The following reaction occurs between concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids.
H2SO4 + HNO3 ⇌ H2NO3+ + HSO4-
Which two species act as Brønsted–Lowry bases in this reaction?
Choose your answer
H2SO4 and H2NO3+
H2SO4 and HSO4-
HNO3 and H2NO3+
HNO3 and HSO4-
Two experiments are carried out to measure the rate of reaction between solid calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Experiment 1: 1.5 g of CaCO3 (s) is added to 100 cm3 of 0.50 mol dm-3 HCl (aq).
Experiment 2: 1.5 g of CaCO3 (s) is added to a mixture of 100 cm3 of 0.50 mol dm-3 HCl (aq) and 100 cm3 of distilled water.
The initial rate of reaction in Experiment 1 is higher than the initial rate in Experiment 2.
Which statement explains this?
Choose your answer
adding water decreases the proportion of reacting particles with energy greater than or equal to the activation energy
adding water decreases the proportion of effective collisions between reacting particles
adding water increases the activation energy of the reaction
adding water reduces the frequency of collisions between reacting particles
The diagram represents, for a given temperature, the Boltzmann distribution of the kinetic energy of the molecules in a mixture of two gases that react slowly together without a catalyst.
The activation energy for the reaction, Ea, is marked for the uncatalysed reaction.
Which position represents the activation energy for the catalysed reaction?
Choose your answer
The diagram shows the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular energies for a gaseous mixture. The peak is labelled Q, and the activation energy is marked as Ea.
Which row describes the changes to the diagram when an effective catalyst is added?
| height of peak Q | position of Ea | |
|---|---|---|
| A | decreases | shifts to the left |
| B | decreases | shifts to the right |
| C | remains the same | shifts to the left |
| D | remains the same | shifts to the right |
Choose your answer
The trends in three physical properties of the elements of Period 3 are shown in the graphs.
Which physical property is not shown?
Choose your answer
Electrical conductivity
Atomic radius
Melting point
First ionisation energy
During the manufacture of steel, the impurity P4O10 is removed by reacting it with calcium oxide. The only product of this reaction is a salt, calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2).
In this reaction, how many moles of P4O10 will react with three moles of calcium oxide?
Choose your answer
0.5
1.5
3
6
The Period 4 elements gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) are the elements directly below aluminium, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur in the Periodic Table.
The properties of each Period 4 element resemble those of the Period 3 element directly above it.
Which Period 4 elements form oxides that dissolve in water to form an acidic solution?
Choose your answer
Ga and Ge
Ga and Se
As and Se
Se only
The elements in Group 2, from magnesium to barium, show specific trends in the solubility of their hydroxides and sulfates.
Which row correctly describes the variation in the solubility of these compounds as the group is descended?
| solubility of Group 2 hydroxides | solubility of Group 2 sulfates | |
|---|---|---|
| A | increases | decreases |
| B | decreases | increases |
| C | increases | increases |
| D | decreases | decreases |
Choose your answer
The table shows some properties of three halogens at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
| halogen | colour at r.t.p. | physical state at r.t.p. | boiling point / K |
|---|---|---|---|
| chlorine | pale green | gas | 239 |
| bromine | X | Y | 332 |
| iodine | Z | solid | 457 |
Which row identifies X, Y and Z?
| X | Y | Z | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | orange-brown | gas | purple |
| B | pale yellow | liquid | purple |
| C | red-brown | liquid | grey-black |
| D | red-brown | solid | grey-black |
Choose your answer
Chlorine gas is bubbled through aqueous potassium iodide.
Which statement describes the outcome?
Choose your answer
Chlorine is oxidised to chlorate(V) ions.
Chlorine is oxidised to chloride ions.
Iodide ions are oxidised to iodine.
There is no observable reaction.
Which statement explains why the oxidising power of the halogens decreases down Group 17?
Choose your answer
Shielding increases down the group, making it more difficult to attract an incoming electron
Atomic radius decreases down the group
Shielding increases down the group, making it easier to donate an electron
The halogens become more electronegative down the group
When chlorine is bubbled through aqueous sodium hydroxide, different substances are formed depending on the conditions.
Which statement is not correct?
Choose your answer
In hot, concentrated NaOH (aq), ClO3– (aq) ions are formed.
In cold, dilute NaOH (aq), ClO– (aq) ions are formed.
The oxidation state of chlorine changes from 0 to +3
Disproportionation of chlorine occurs in both cold, dilute and hot, concentrated aqueous solutions.
“Photochemical smog is produced when 1 acts on 2 and 3 .”
Which row correctly identifies 1, 2 and 3?
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Heat | Hydrocarbons | Oxygen |
| B | Heat | Nitrogen | Oxygen |
| C | Sunlight | Nitrogen oxides | Hydrocarbons |
| D | Sunlight | Nitrogen oxides | Sulfur oxides |
Choose your answer
What is the name of the circled functional group?
Choose your answer
aldehyde
alkene
carboxylic acid
ketone
What type of reaction occurs when 1-chloroethane reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide?
Choose your answer
Electrophilic addition
Electrophilic substitution
Nucleophilic addition
Nucleophilic substitution
Limonene is found in the peel of citrus fruits.
How many σ and π bonds are present in this molecule?
| σ | π | |
|---|---|---|
| A | 12 | 2 |
| B | 22 | 4 |
| C | 24 | 4 |
| D | 26 | 2 |
Choose your answer
Which labelled carbon atom is a chiral centre?
Choose your answer
The cracking of eicosane, C20H42, produces a hydrocarbon that is in very high demand for transportation and also three consecutive members of the same homologous series of hydrocarbons.
What are the correct products of cracking for the given reaction?
Choose your answer
Butane, butene, hexene, octane
Butene, octane, pentene, propene
Ethane, hexene, heptene, pentene
Ethene, hexane, heptene, pentene
Ethene reacts with aqueous bromine to give two products, CH2BrCH2Br and CH2BrCH2OH.
Which statement about these products is correct?
Choose your answer
Both products are obtained in this reaction by electrophilic substitution.
Both products are obtained in this reaction by nucleophilic addition.
Both products can be hydrolysed to form the same organic compound.
Both products can form hydrogen bonds with water.
The compound 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid is used as a flavouring in some food.
Which compound produces 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid when heated under reflux with potassium cyanide in ethanol, followed by acid hydrolysis of the reaction product?
Choose your answer
Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) and acidified potassium manganate(VII) can both oxidise primary alcohols. Both these oxidising agents change colour as they are reduced.
What is the colour of each oxidising agent before and after it has reacted?
| Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) | Acidified potassium manganate (VII) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Before | After | |
| A | Green | Orange | Purple | Colourless |
| B | Orange | Green | Colourless | Purple |
| C | Orange | Green | Purple | Colourless |
| D | Purple | Colourless | Orange | Green |
Choose your answer
An organic compound X has a molecular ion peak at m/z = 58 in its mass spectrum.
Experimental data for compound X is shown in the table below:
| Test | Observation |
|---|---|
| Addition of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) | Orange precipitate formed |
| Warming with Tollens' reagent | No visible change |
What is the identity of compound X?
Choose your answer
CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CHO
CH3CH2COOH
CH3COCH3
Sour milk contains a compound called lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) which has the molecular formula CH3CH(OH)CO2H.
Which of the following reactions could lactic acid undergo?
Choose your answer
CH3CH(OH)CO2H + Cl2 CH3CH(Cl)CO2H + HOCl
CH3CH(OH)CO2H + HCO2H CH3CH(O2CH)CO2H + H2O
CH3CH(OH)CO2H + CH3OH CH3CH(OCH3)CO2H + H2O
CH3CH(OH)CO2H + NaHCO3 CH3CH(ONa)CO2H + H2O + CO2
Which statement correctly describes the hydrolysis of an ester?
Choose your answer
Heating an ester with dilute acid under reflux produces a sodium carboxylate and an alcohol
Heating an ester with dilute alkali under reflux produces a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
Heating an ester with dilute acid under reflux produces a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in a reversible reaction.
Heating an ester with dilute alkali under reflux produces a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in a reversible reaction.
Iodomethane is heated under pressure with ethanolic ammonia. The ammonia is not in excess. Which organic compounds are formed in the reaction mixture?
Choose your answer
A mixture of methylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine
Dimethylamine only
Methylamine and dimethylamine only
Methylamine only
Which of the following reactions would produce 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile?
Choose your answer
Ethanal + ammonia
Ethanal + sulfuric acid
Propanone + ammonia
Propanone + hydrogen cyanide
But-2-en-1-ol, CH3CH=CHCH2OH, is a monomer that undergoes addition polymerisation.
Which structure is the repeat unit in poly(but-2-en-1-ol)?
Choose your answer
Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug, the structure of which is shown below.
Which reaction leads to the formation of ibuprofen?
Choose your answer
Which of the following cannot be obtained from an infrared spectrum?
Choose your answer
The identity of a compound through comparison with other spectra
The molecular mass
The presence of C=O bonds
The presence of O-H bonds
Which pair of compounds would you expect to both have a singly charged peak at m/z = 29 in the mass spectrum?
Choose your answer
Propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol
Propan-1-ol and propanal
Propan-2-ol and propanal
Propanal and propanone
The incomplete Born-Haber cycle for sodium selenide is shown below in Fig. 3.1.
Write the equations for processes 1, 2 and 3.
Fig. 3.1
If sulfur is used as opposed to selenium in the lattice, suggest the change in value of the lattice energy, ΔHθlatt. Explain your answer.
Use the data in Table 3.1 to calculate the lattice energy of aluminium oxide, ΔHθlatt. Show your working.
Table 3.1
| Enthalpy Change | Enthalpy Change / kJ mol-1 |
|---|---|
| Atomisation of aluminium | +326 |
| Atomisation of oxygen | +249 |
| First ionisation energy of aluminium | +578 |
| Second ionisation energy of aluminium | +1817 |
| Third ionisation energy of aluminium | +2745 |
| Electron affinity of O atom | –141 |
| Electron affinity of O- | +753 |
| Formation of aluminium oxide | –1670 |