4PH1/1PR — June 2025 (Edexcel IGCSE Physics): Past Paper

The diagram shows a truck travelling along a horizontal road. total resistive force 16 kN driving force 16 kN

The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on the truck. Give the resultant horizontal force acting on the truck. resultant horizontal force = kN

The driver of the truck has to stop because a tree has fallen on the road.

The thinking distance of the driver is 7 m. The braking distance of the truck is 20 m. Calculate the stopping distance of the truck. stopping distance = m

Give two factors that would affect the braking distance of the truck. 1 2

Which of these factors would decrease the driver’s thinking distance?

This question is about magnetic fields.

Diagram 1 shows the poles of two strong bar magnets being held close together. Diagram 1 There is a uniform magnetic field between the poles of the bar magnets. Complete diagram 1 by drawing magnetic field lines to show the uniform magnetic field. You should label the poles of the bar magnets.

Diagram 2 shows a strong magnet attracting an iron block. N strong magnet S iron block Diagram 2

The iron block becomes magnetised when it is in the magnetic field of the strong magnet. Label the magnetic poles on the magnetised iron block in diagram 2.

A student takes the strong magnet away from the iron block. The student suggests they can permanently use the iron block to attract small pieces of iron. Explain whether the student’s suggestion is correct.

This question is about electrical circuits.

The table shows the circuit symbols for some electrical components. Complete the table by placing ticks (✓) to show whether each component can visibly indicate the presence of a current in a circuit. Can visibly indicate the Electrical component presence of a current A

Diagram 1 shows an electrical circuit containing a cell and component X. X Diagram 1 The graph shows how the resistance of component X varies with temperature. 400 300 Resistance in Ω 200 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature in C

Give the name of component X.

Using the graph, determine the resistance of component X when its temperature is 50 °C. resistance = Ω

The cell in diagram 1 has a voltage of 9.0 V. Calculate the current in component X when its temperature is 50 °C. Use the formula voltage = current × resistance current = A

The circuit in diagram 1 is modified by adding a second identical component X in series with the other components. The temperatures of the first component X and second component X are reduced to 26 °C. Explain how the resistance of the circuit is affected by these changes.

A student does an experiment to investigate energy transfer by conduction.

The student plans to use the piece of apparatus shown in the photograph. metal bars temperature-sensitive strips hot water The apparatus has four bars made from different metals. When the apparatus is placed in hot water, energy is transferred from the bottom of the bar to the top of the bar. The temperature-sensitive strip on each bar changes colour as the temperature of the bar changes. The time taken for the colour change to reach the top of the bar can be used to compare how effective each metal is at transferring energy by conduction.

Give three control variables in the student’s investigation. 1 2 3

The student has this equipment. • beaker • hot water • stopclock • clamp and clamp stand Design a method the student could use to compare the effectiveness of the metals at transferring energy by conduction. You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

The table shows the results of the student’s investigation. Time taken for colour Metal change in seconds aluminium 29 brass 64 copper 22 steel 115

Plot a bar chart of the student’s results.

Deduce which metal is the most effective at transferring energy by conduction.

The photograph shows a cloud chamber, used to observe alpha radiation produced by a radioactive source. The radioactive source is inside the cloud chamber, as shown in the photograph. glass viewing window radioactive source

Describe the structure of an alpha particle.

The source used in the cloud chamber contains the isotope radium-226. The incomplete nuclear equation shows the decay of radium-226 into an isotope of radon. Complete the nuclear equation by writing the correct numbers in the boxes. 226 Ra → 86 Rn + α

The tracks in the cloud chamber can be seen through the glass viewing window. Explain why the radioactive source is not a hazard to the person viewing the cloud chamber.

When radiation is emitted from the source a white line is produced in the cloud chamber. The white line is known as a track. The diagram shows the tracks produced by the radiation from the source. The diameter of the cloud chamber is also shown. 10 cm radioactive source Explain the properties of alpha radiation that can be deduced from the length of the tracks.

The photograph shows a rocket being launched at Cape Canaveral in the United States of America. (Source: © Geopix / Alamy Stock Photo) The table gives some information about the motion of the rocket during the first 5.0 seconds of its launch. Initial velocity 0.0 m / s Acceleration 13 m / s² Time taken 5.0 s

Calculate the final velocity of the rocket after 5.0 seconds. Assume that the acceleration remains constant during this time. final velocity = m / s

Calculate the distance the rocket travels during the 5.0 seconds. Assume that the acceleration remains constant during this time. distance travelled = m

Sketch a velocity-time graph and a distance-time graph showing how the motion of the rocket changes during the first 5.0 seconds of its launch. You do not need to include values on the axes. Velocity 0 Time Distance 0 Time

This question is about light.

Light is an example of a transverse wave. Describe a transverse wave. You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

Diagram 1 shows a ray of light in a section of optical fibre. air optical fibre Diagram 1

The ray of light is incident at the boundary between the optical fibre and air. The ray of light reflects at the boundary. Complete diagram 1 by drawing the reflected ray of light.

Explain why no light leaves the optical fibre when the light reflects at the boundary between the optical fibre and air.

Diagram 2 shows a different ray of light, incident on the boundary between water and air. normal air water Diagram 2 Using diagram 2, show that the refractive index of water is approximately 1.3

This is a question about the Solar System.

Give the name of the galaxy the Solar System is in.

Neptune is a planet in the Solar System.

Triton is a moon that orbits the planet, Neptune. Draw a diagram to show the orbit of Neptune and the orbit of Triton in the Solar System.

Neptune orbits in the Solar System at an orbital speed of 5.4 × 10³ m / s with an orbital radius of 4.5 × 10¹² m. Pluto is another object in the Solar System. Pluto orbits with a time period of 7.8 × 10⁹ s. Show that the ratio of the orbital time period of Neptune to the orbital time period of Pluto is 2 : 3

The diagrams show a spring hanging from a nail.

• diagram 1 shows the spring with no weight added
• diagram 2 shows the spring stationary, after a weight has been added
• diagram 3 shows the spring after the weight has been pulled down weight Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Diagram 3

Which energy store has increased for the spring in diagram 2 compared to the spring in diagram 1?

The spring is released from the position shown in diagram 3. Describe the energy transfers that take place until the spring stops vibrating.

Shock absorbers containing springs are used on motorcycles. Shock absorbers are designed to compress and expand as the motorcycle moves across a rough surface. A new type of shock absorber has been developed to generate electricity from the movement of the motorcycle. This new type of shock absorber consists of magnets that slide inside a coil when the motorcycle goes over a bump. coil magnets Some of the energy that would normally be wasted can be recovered, so fuel is saved.

Which of these statements best describes the advantage of this new type of shock absorber?

Explain how this new type of shock absorber can generate electricity.

Road X has a rough surface. Road Y has a smooth surface. (Source: © MikhailSh / Shutterstock) (Source: © BearFotos / Shutterstock) Road X Road Y A motorcycle travels at the same speed along road X and road Y. Explain why the new type of shock absorber will generate more electricity for this motorcycle on road X than on road Y.

The photograph shows a ring made of gold. (Source: ©Michael Burrell / Alamy Stock Photo) A student wants to determine the volume of the ring.

The student measures the mass of the ring several times.

Describe how the student should use laboratory equipment to accurately measure the mass of the ring.

The table shows the student’s measurements of the mass of the ring. Mass in g 6.411 6.408 6.410 6.426 6.412 One of the student’s measurements is an anomaly. Draw a circle around the anomalous result in the table.

Calculate the mean mass of the gold ring. mean mass = g

The student is given a value for the density of gold. Which of these formulae should be used to calculate the volume of the gold ring?

The student does not know if the ring is made of pure gold. The student suggests that they could also measure the volume of the ring using a displacement method. Discuss which method (calculation method or displacement method) will give the most accurate volume measurement.

A ball is moving through the air with a speed of 54.8 m / s. The ball has a mass of 159 g.

Calculate the energy in the kinetic store of the ball. Give your answer to 3 significant figures. energy in kinetic store = J

The speed of the ball is measured using radio waves. Radio waves of frequency 2.90 × 1010 Hz travel towards the ball from a source. The radio waves then reflect off the ball. The reflected radio waves change frequency depending on the speed of the ball. This change in frequency is due to the Doppler effect. waves from source 54.8 m/s radio waves source ball reflected waves

The change in frequency can be calculated using this formula. change of frequency speed of radio waves speed of ball = × source frequency 2 Show that the change in frequency of the radio waves is approximately 1.1 × 10⁴ Hz. [speed of radio waves = 3.00 × 10⁸ m / s]

The change in frequency of the radio waves happens because the ball acts as a new source of radio waves. The ball is moving away from the original source of radio waves. Explain the change in frequency of the radio waves when the radio waves reflect off the ball.