4PH1/1P — June 2019 (Edexcel IGCSE Physics): Past Paper

This question is about waves.

Which of these waves is longitudinal?

Draw a straight line linking each electromagnetic wave to its correct hazard. Electromagnetic wave Hazard microwave infrared skin burns blindness internal heating of body tissue cell mutation

Which of these is a use for x-rays?

Which of these is a use for infrared waves?

This question is about magnetic fields.

Describe an experiment to investigate the magnetic field pattern around a permanent bar magnet. You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

The diagram shows two bar magnets. Complete the diagram to show the magnetic field pattern. N S S N

This question is about food preservation.

The diagram shows how gamma radiation is used to irradiate fruit stored in a wooden box. The radiation kills bacteria on the fruit. gamma source wooden box containing fruit Explain why gamma radiation is used instead of alpha radiation to kill bacteria.

The wooden box has this label. these fruits have been irradiated Explain why fruit irradiated with gamma radiation is safe to eat.

A car driver sees a hazard on the road ahead. The graph shows the velocity of the car from when the driver sees the hazard. Velocity in m/s 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Time in seconds

Use the graph to determine the reaction time of the driver. reaction time = s

Calculate the stopping distance of the car. stopping distance = m

Calculate the acceleration of the car when the car is braking. acceleration = m/s²

The speed of the car affects the thinking distance and the braking distance. Discuss other factors that affect the thinking distance and the braking distance of the car.

This question is about stretching a spring.

The graph shows how the extension of a spring varies when a force is applied to the spring. The line on the graph shows that the spring has been extended past its elastic limit. The line has a straight section and a curved section. Extension Force

Draw a cross on the line to show the elastic limit of the spring.

Sketch another line to show how the extension will change when the force is decreased from its maximum value back to 0.

State which energy store of the spring increases when it is stretched. Assume the spring does not reach its elastic limit.

How is this energy transferred to the spring?

A student investigates how current varies with voltage for a metal filament lamp. Draw a diagram of the circuit that a student could use for this investigation.

Describe a method the student could use for their investigation.

The student extends the investigation by recording additional data for the lamp. This is her method. For each voltage

• switch the current on for 45 seconds
• record the current and colour of the lamp
• calculate the power and the energy transferred by the lamp The table shows the student’s results. Voltage in V Current Power in W Energy in J Colour of lamp 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 off 2.0 0.40 0.8 36 red 4.0 0.90 3.6 orange 6.0 1.60 9.6 430 yellow 8.0 2.80 22.4 1000 white

State the unit for current.

Calculate the missing value of energy for the voltage of 4.0 V. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. energy = J

The colour of a star is related to its surface temperature. The Sun is yellow. Use the student’s results to identify a colour for a star that is cooler than the Sun.

This question is about refraction.

State what is meant by the term refraction.

The diagram shows a ray of light from a torch incident on the surface of a pool of water. normal 45° air water The angle of refraction of the ray of light is 33°

Draw the path of the ray of light in the water.

State the formula linking refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction.

Show that the refractive index of water is about 1.3

The torch is moved below the surface of the water. Light from the torch is incident on the water surface at an angle greater than the critical angle.

Explain the meaning of the term critical angle. You may draw a diagram to help your answer.

State the formula linking critical angle and refractive index.

Calculate the critical angle of water. Assume the refractive index of water is 1.3 critical angle = °

A ray of light leaves the torch as shown in the diagram. Complete the path of the ray of light. air water 55° torch

Schiaparelli is a spacecraft that was sent to Mars in 2016.

Schiaparelli slowed down as it fell vertically through the atmosphere of Mars.

Draw labelled arrows on the diagram to show the forces acting on Schiaparelli as it fell. spacecraft

Schiaparelli then opened a parachute to slow down. Explain how the spacecraft reached a low terminal velocity after opening its parachute. Use ideas about forces in your answer.

The parachute was disconnected when Schiaparelli was at a height of 2.0 m from the surface of Mars and travelling at a speed of 0.45 m/s. Calculate the speed of the spacecraft just before it hits the surface of Mars. [acceleration of free-fall on Mars = 3.4 m/s²] speed = m/s

Suggest why Mars has a lower gravitational field strength than Earth.

The diagram shows a nuclear reactor. control rod moderator fuel rod shielding reactor vessel coolant out coolant in Each part of the nuclear reactor has a function and is made of a suitable material for its function. Complete the table by giving the missing information. Part Function Suitable material control rod boron moderator graphite shielding prevents irradiation of workers fuel rod

Heavy water is a compound of oxygen and an isotope of hydrogen called deuterium. Deuterium is formed by the fusion of protons.

State the meaning of the term isotope.

Explain the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

State a location where nuclear fusion takes place.

Explain why fusion cannot take place at low temperature or low pressure.

This question is about voltage and current.

The diagram shows two resistors connected to a battery. 9.2V 12 mA 240Ω R Calculate the voltage across resistor R. voltage = V

The diagram shows the parts of an ammeter. The pointer is connected to the coil so they can move together. scale pointer return spring permanent magnet B C N S A D coil + −

Explain what happens when there is a current in the coil.

Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the force acting on side CD of the coil when there is a current in the coil.

Explain how the ammeter could be changed so that it could measure smaller currents.

The diagram shows a manometer, a device used for measuring differences in pressure. trapped gas liquid difference in the levels of the liquid

One side of the manometer has some trapped gas. The other side is left open to the atmosphere. The difference in pressure can be calculated using this formula. [difference in pressure = height × density × 10] The density of the liquid is 1.3 × 10⁴ kg/m³. The difference in the levels of the liquid is 3.8 cm. Calculate the difference in pressure between the atmosphere and the trapped gas. difference in pressure = Pa

The temperature and pressure of the trapped gas increase when it is warmed.

Explain, in terms of particles, why the pressure of the trapped gas increases.

The pressure of the trapped gas in the manometer is 9.95 × 10⁴ Pa and the temperature is 16 °C. Calculate the new pressure of the trapped gas if the temperature increases to 32 °C. [assume volume of the trapped gas remains constant] new pressure = Pa

The diagram shows a ball of dough, of mass 580 g, held at a height of 92 cm above the floor. dough 92 cm Calculate the increase in gravitational potential energy (GPE) stored in the ball of dough when it is above the floor. GPE = J

The ball of dough hits the floor and does not rebound. Describe the energy transfers taking place from when the dough is dropped to after it has hit the floor. You should refer to energy stores as well as transfers between energy stores at these stages. ● before the dough is dropped ● just before the dough hits the floor ● after the dough has hit the floor