Practice Paper 2 (Cambridge International AS Environmental Management)

A student used a questionnaire to ask some people in Ethiopia for their opinion on how forest cover has changed in their local area.

Table 4.1 shows the results of the questionnaire.

Table 4.1

(i) Write a suitable conclusion that summarises the main opinion on how forest cover has changed in Ethiopia.

(ii) Draw a pie chart of the data in Table 4.1. Complete the key

(iii) Suggest one piece of additional information that is needed to ensure the data in Table 4.1 is reliable.

Fig. 2.1 shows staghorn coral in the Atlantic Ocean.

Fig. 2.1

One species of staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, is classed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.

Describe the role of the IUCN Red List.

Fig. 2.2 shows a strategy for conserving staghorn corals. Small pieces of coral are attached to a nursery line and allowed to grow until they are large enough to be moved to new areas. The corals then form a new coral reef.

Fig. 2.2

(i) Evaluate the use of a coral nursery line as a strategy for conserving staghorn corals.

(ii) Suggest three other strategies that governments could introduce to conserve staghorn corals.

Evaluate the success of strategies for managing the impacts of human activity on Antarctica.

Give reasons and include information from relevant examples to support your answer.

Approximately one third of all food produced for human consumption is wasted.

In many low-income economy countries (LICs) food wastage occurs when food is stored.

Fig. 2.1 is a news report on a method for farmers to reduce food waste in Uganda, an LIC in Africa.

Fig. 2.1

Explain how the device described in Fig. 2.1 provides a sustainable method of food production in Uganda.

In 2020, 83% of homes in the United Kingdom combusted natural gas (methane) for heating.

In January 2020, a blend of 20% hydrogen gas and 80% natural gas was trialled in 100 homes. The trial cost more than $9 million.

When hydrogen is combusted, it generates heat and water.

It is estimated that switching to 100% hydrogen gas will save 6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year from being emitted into the atmosphere.

(i) Explain why alternative fuels to methane are needed.

(ii) Suggest two reasons why the trial to replace methane might not be extended to the whole of the United Kingdom.

(iii) Hydrogen can be obtained from methane. This process emits carbon dioxide. State two strategies for removing carbon dioxide once it is in the atmosphere.

Fig. 1.1 shows fossil fuel consumption as a percentage of total energy consumption for high-income economy countries (HICs) and low-income economy countries (LICs) between 1970 and 2015.

(i) Compare the trends shown in fossil fuel consumption for HICs and LICs shown in Fig. 1.1.

(ii) Some countries do not have a supply of fossil fuels. They have to import fossil fuels into their country.

Explain how this can lead to energy insecurity.

Fig. 1.1 shows the migration routes of three aquatic animals and the position of two mid-ocean gyres. A gyre is a very large system of circulating water which traps plastic waste brought by ocean currents to form polluted areas.

(i) Suggest two possible sources of the plastic pollution found in the mid-ocean gyres.

(ii) Suggest one way that plastic pollution in the mid-ocean gyres might affect migrating aquatic animal species.

(iii) Describe two strategies to manage the reduction in plastic waste entering the oceans.

strategy

description

strategy

description

The WRS uses a process called distillation to remove impurities from the waste water. Electricity is used to break down any organic matter. The process needs very high temperatures and pressures.

Globally, one in three people do not have access to safe drinking water.

Discuss the benefits and limitations of using the WRS to provide safe drinking water to people on Earth.

Explain how a lack of water can lead to malnutrition.

The Sous reservoir in the Czech Republic is a source of drinking water for 100000 people in the region.

The area has been affected by acid deposition.

(i) Define acid deposition.

(ii) Outline the formation of acid deposition from sulfur compounds.

(iii) Describe strategies for reducing the emissions of gases that cause acid deposition.

Photochemical smog is linked to the combustion of fossil fuels.

(i) Describe one example of the combustion of fossil fuels

(ii) Define photochemical smog.

(iii) State one impact of photochemical smog on humans.

The use of CFCs has been banned in many countries. Some alternative substances to CFCs are greenhouse gases.

Outline two possible problems when new laws on managing atmospheric pollution are introduced.