11 questions · 68 marks · ≈ 68 min · spans 11 of 22 topics
Assembled from the topic question banks — not an official Cambridge International paperFig. 1.1 represents a simplified water cycle.
Fig. 1.1
(i) Identify the letter on Fig. 1.1 that represents:
precipitation ..................................
infiltration. .....................................
(2 marks)
(ii) Describe the role of transpiration in the water cycle.
(2 marks)
Fig. 6.1 shows the structure of the atmosphere.
Fig.6.1
Using Fig. 6.1, state the range of altitudes that contain the ozone layer.
Outline the role of the ozone layer.
Fig. 1.2 shows a food web for the North Atlantic Ocean.
Fig. 1.2
(i)
Identify an organism feeding at more than one trophic level shown in Fig. 1.2.
(1 mark)
(ii)
State the trophic level with the least energy shown in Fig. 1.2.
(1 mark)
(iii)
Suggest one effect the plastic pollution in the North Atlantic Ocean could have on the population of squid in the food web shown in Fig. 1.2.
Give a reason for for your answer.
(2 marks)
Some information on lead concentrations in soil is shown in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
| Concentration of lead / ppm* | Recommendations |
|---|---|
| < 400 | - Wash hands immediately after gardening - Wash all produce thoroughly |
| 400 to 999 | - Reduce exposure to the soil - Wash hands immediately after gardening - Restrict access of children to the soil - Do not grow leafy vegetables directly in the soil |
| 1000 to 2000 | - Reduce exposure to the soil - Wash hands immediately after gardening - Do not grow food crops in the soil - Do not allow children access to the soil - Keep soil covered |
| > 2000 | - Avoid contact with the soil - Contact your local health department or environmental protection officer |
*ppm = parts per million
A concentration of 400 ppm is the safe soil lead concentration threshold.
The scientist used method A and found the soil sample had a lead concentration of 1358 ppm.
Write a conclusion about the lead concentrations in this sample of soil.
In your conclusion include one recommendation from the table.
The local government use a questionnaire to find out if local people have benefited from the debt for nature swap.
(i) The method used to select the people was:
Describe the limitations of this selection method.
(3 marks)
(ii) One of the questions on the questionnaire is shown.
| question | response | |
|---|---|---|
| yes | no | |
| Did you benefit from the debt for nature swap? |
Describe one reason why yes /no response questions are used in a questionnaire.
(1 mark)
Fig. 3.1 shows some branches of an apple tree.
Fig. 3.1
A student used a beating tray to estimate the number of insects on the leaves of an apple tree.
(i) Describe how the student could use the beating tray method to estimate the total number of insects in the tree.
(6 marks)
(ii) Describe one benefit of using a beating tray as a sampling technique.
(1 mark)
The codling moth (C. pomonella) is a major pest of apple trees in parts of the USA.
The codling moth larvae eat holes in the apple fruit, which makes the apples unsellable.
A researcher decides to use crowd sourcing to investigate the extent of the codling moth problem in the USA.
The researcher posts a questionnaire online and asks members of the public to record sightings of the adult codling moth or its larvae and any damage to the apple tree or fruit.
(i) Write a suitable questionnaire the researcher could use to obtain the information. The questionnaire should contain four questions.
Questionnaire on codling moth sightings
Question 1 ......................................................................................................... Question 2 ........................................................................................................ Question 3 ........................................................................................................ Question 4 .......................................................... ..............................................
(4 marks)
(ii) Suggest two limitations of this method of data collection.
(2 marks)
In 2020, Ethiopia, a country in Africa, had 15% of its land covered by forest. Fifty years ago, 40% of Ethiopia was covered by forest.
(i) Suggest how the percentage forest cover for a country can be measured.
(1 mark)
(ii) Explain how deforestation reduces biodiversity.
(2 marks)
The graph in Fig. 5.1 shows data for total population of high-income economy countries (HICs) and low-income economy countries (LICs) between 1960 and 2015.
Fig. 5.1
(i) The data in Fig. 5.1 show a percentage increase in population of 59% for HICs from 1960 to 2015.
Calculate the percentage increase in population for LICs from 1960 to 2015.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
........................................................% [2]
(ii) Use the data to compare the trend in population for LICs and for HICs between 1960 and 2015.
(2 marks)
Strategies are required to limit population increase. One strategy is to improve the availability of contraception.
Describe the benefits and limitations of this strategy for managing population change.
Fig. 4.1 is a food web that shows some feeding relationships in a rainforest.
Fig. 4.1
(i) Label the pyramid of biomass using an organism from each trophic level in a food chain within this food web.
(2 marks)
(ii) Explain the shape of the pyramid of biomass shown in (a)(i).
(3 marks)
Table 4.1 shows data on productivity.
Table 4.1
| type of land | average annual net primary productivity / g m–2 |
|---|---|
| tropical rainforest | 2200 |
| agricultural | 650 |
(i) Tropical rainforest is an example of an ecosystem.
Define ecosystem productivity
(1 mark)
(ii)
Suggest one reason why the productivity of the agricultural land is much smaller than the tropical rainforest.
(1 mark)
‘National parks are an effective method of conserving biodiversity.’
To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Give reasons and include information from relevant examples to support your answer.